This formula was originally recorded circa 150 – 219 CE. It was traditionally indicated for the treatment of conditions due to pathogenic Cold in the Chong and Ren Channels. The underlying pathodynamic is Blood stasis induced by Cold. The clinical applications of this formula have been expanded to include a wide variety of disorders. The key clinical features may include a combination of Cold and Heat signs; specifically, Cold in the lower body and Heat in the upper. Thus, the clinical presentation is significantly different from pure Kidney Yin deficiency or Kidney Yang deficiency.